Data structures and algorithms are vital elements in many computing applications. When programmers design and build applications, they need to model the application data. What this data consists of ...

Like humans, artificial intelligence learns by trial and error, but traditionally, it requires humans to set the ball rolling ...

A formula used to turn ordinary data, or "plaintext," into a secret coded message known as "ciphertext." The ciphertext can reside in storage or travel over unsecure networks without its contents ...

In the age of Facebook and Netflix, the word “algorithm” has become so ubiquitous, and its connotation so amorphous, that it’s verging on jargon—maybe even cliché. The Atlantic’s Ian Bogost has ...

A blockchain consensus mechanism that determines which miner can add transactions to the blockchain based on the amount of crypto the miner holds. The more crypto and the longer it is held (the more ...