Protocol revenue expanded roughly 27 times during 2025. The network captured about 62 percent of total layer-2 revenue by year-end. Annualized protocol fees reached approximately $75 million.

Layer 2 solutions are protocols or technologies that are developed on an already existing blockchain network with the aim of enhancing its capabilities and efficiency. These solutions are designed to ...

Distributed ledger technology has the potential to solve some of the most prominent problems in the global economy, such as providing financial services to the 1.7 billion people that comprise the ...

For more than 20 years we have been using Layer 3 connectivity powered by dynamic routing protocols to route traffic between data centers, but adoption of virtualization and geo-clustering ...

Forbes contributors publish independent expert analyses and insights. I write about how fintech is disrupting the financial industry in Asia. While blockchain technology promises transparency and ...

Anduro utilizes merge-mining, which could allow miners to earn revenue from sidechain transactions while continuing to mine BTC. Crypto mining giant Marathon Digital is venturing into Bitcoin scaling ...

How do rollup networks act as middleware between Layer 1 and Web3 applications? Learn how they bundle transactions to boost scalability, lower fees, and ensure security.