Difference equations, as discrete analogues of differential equations, form a fundamental mathematical framework for describing systems that evolve incrementally over time or space. Coupled with ...

This rapidly evolving field extends classical discrete calculus by introducing non-integer, or fractional, orders of difference operators. Such an approach is particularly well suited to modelling ...

Mean field-type models describing the limiting behavior of stochastic differential games as the number of players tends to +∞ were recently introduced by Lasry and Lions. Under suitable assumptions, ...