Transactional memory systems represent a paradigm shift in concurrent programming by abstracting low-level lock management and enabling sequences of operations to be executed as atomic transactions.

Now-a-days, distributed databases have taken concentration in the database research. Data distribution and replication offer opportunities for improving performance through parallel query execution ...

As the people know, eXtensible Markup Language (XML) has become a standard for data exchange in many fields of application. So, a huge amount of data in this format is spread around Web and is stored ...