The two types of standard transistors are PNP and NPN which differs in circuit symbols. The layers of semiconductor material used to make the transistor are denoted by the letters. To keep a straight ...

This tester is intended to quickly check whether a transistor is functional or not and possibly also select two or more transistors with (approximately) equal gains. This is about the simplest ...

The holiday gave me a chance to play with bipolar transistor mosfet drivers again. And things did not go quite as planned. I had been using the circuit on the right quite happily from a signal ...

This file type includes high resolution graphics and schematics. The spread of h FE values in a batch of transistors may be wide enough to cause unreliable performance during mass production of a ...

A transistor is a key component in electronics, often used as a switch or to amplify a signal from a sensor. NPN (negative-positive-negative) transistors are the most used transistor. An illustration ...

In the early days, PNP bipolar transistors were common, but the bulk of circuits you see today use NPN transistors. As [Aaron Danner] points out, many people think PNP transistors are “backward” but ...