4D printing introduces the "time dimension" based on 3D printing, enabling printed structures to undergo controllable dynamic changes in shape, properties, or functions under external stimuli such as ...

Dilip Chalissery develops the process technology for 4D printing at Fraunhofer IAP. Photo Credit: Potsdam Science Park, sevens+maltry photographers The Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence Programmable ...

In the latest research in the field of materials science and engineering, researchers have made remarkable progress in the 3D and 4D printing of electromagnetic metamaterials (EMMs). This breakthrough ...

(Nanowerk Spotlight) 3D printing technology, also known as additive manufacturing, has rapidly advanced to enable the production of intricate product geometries across industries from aerospace to ...

(Nanowerk Spotlight) Hygromorphs are materials that can change their shape or size in response to changes in humidity or moisture. They are also sometimes referred to as humidity-responsive materials ...

It wasn’t so long ago that 3D printing was the new kid on the block. Now the term 4D printing is making headlines, stretching our ability to conceptualize once again. To understand 4D printing, it ...

What are the challenges and applications for this emergent technology in additive manufacturing? Ramsey Stevens, CEO of nano3Dprint, offers his take on the topic. Multi-material 3D printing enables ...

A 3D printer that has made its way into most people’s homes and offices is the all-new FDM 3D printer. These advanced printers create the best 3D models in the shortest possible time and offer ...