English physician Charles Myers, who wrote the first paper on “shell-shock” in 1915, theorized that these symptoms actually did stem from a physical injury. He posited that repetitive exposure to ...

When soldiers came home from World War I and experienced flashbacks and nightmares, it was called shell shock. Years later, Vietnam vets were often told to repress memories rather than deal with them.

Evolution away from shell-shock The next wave of the study of trauma came when the Second World War saw another influx of soldiers dealing with similar symptoms. It was Abram Kardiner, a clinician ...

Mental health trauma has always been a part of war. When 'shell-shock' was first diagnosed, patients were given shocks and other harsh treatments to get them to 'snap out of it.' We still may not ...