During chemical reactions, atoms in the reacting substances break their bonds and re-arrange, forming different chemical ...

Valence electrons, located in the outermost shell of an atom, play an important role in driving chemical reactions and forming bonds with other atoms. Subscribe to our newsletter for the latest ...

A group of researchers from Ehime University investigated valence electron configurations using light, expanding on prior studies of superconductors and quantum spin liquids. The findings were ...

Valence electrons, located in the outermost shell of an atom, play an important role in driving chemical reactions and forming bonds with other atoms. But imaging these particles as they perform this ...

Fig. 2. The difference in the valence electron configuration (group number) and electronegativity of X and Y species determines the energy offset between the two conduction bands at the X (EX3– EX2) ...