This article deals with the study of the particle swarm optimization algorithm and its variants. After modeling the global system, a comparative study is carried out about the algorithms described in ...

Whenever SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory's linear accelerator is on, packs of around a billion electrons each travel together at nearly the speed of light through metal piping. These electron ...

Optimization is essential in real-life mechanical engineering problems that mostly are nonlinear, depend on mixed decision variables, and are usually subject to constraints. However, most of the ...

This article evaluates bulk analysis and scratch analysis methods for particle dispersion, highlighting the superiority of bulk analysis for quality assessment.