The advent of automated background removal methods marks a significant milestone in spectroscopic analysis. Such methods bring forth a level of consistency and precision that manual processes cannot ...

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Abstract: The rapid evolution of Adaptive Education highlights the necessity of personalized learning paths that cater to the unique cognitive styles, preferences, and capabilities of each student.

Abstract: In this article, an unscented Kalman filter (UKF)-based multistep heuristic dynamic programming (MsHDP) optimal control algorithm is developed for nonlinear discrete-time (DT) systems with ...